A Estabilidade do Eu em um Mundo Acelerado: Jung, Psicodélicos e a Neurociência da Consciência
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70435/junguiana.v44.347Palavras-chave:
Psicologia Analítica, Rede de modo padrão, Psicodélicos, Kundalini Yoga, Neurociência da ConsciênciaResumo
Este artigo propõe uma reflexão interdisciplinar sobre a formação, a estabilidade e a vulnerabilidade da identidade do eu, articulando os estudos neurocientíficos da Rede de Modo Padrão (Default Mode Network, DMN) e os fundamentos simbólicos da psicologia analítica de C. G. Jung. Analisa-se a DMN como correlato neurofuncional do pensamento autorreferencial e o ego junguiano como estrutura organizadora da consciência. Discute-se como estados não ordinários de consciência — induzidos por psicodélicos, meditação profunda ou experiências dissociativas — desestabilizam a DMN e revelam possibilidades de reorganização psíquica. A análise integra ainda a leitura junguiana do Kundalini Yoga com dados sobre redes cerebrais integradoras e neuroplasticidade. Por fim, examina-se o impacto da aceleração tecnológica e cultural sobre a coesão do eu, sugerindo caminhos de restauração somática, simbólica e ecológica. O texto propõe uma visão dinâmica do ego como campo de equilíbrio entre corpo, cérebro, símbolo e cultura.
Downloads
Referências
Alter, A. (2017). Irresistível: A ascensão da tecnologia viciante e o negócio de manter-nos viciados. Objetiva.
Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Smallwood, J., & Spreng, R. N. (2014). The default network and self-generated thought: Component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1316(1), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12360
Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., Hahn, K. S., Daily, G. C., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(28), 8567–8572. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510459112
Bressane, A., Pinto, J. P. da C., Goulart, A. P. G., & Medeiros, L. C. de C. (2024). Which dimensions of nature contact in urban green spaces most significantly contribute to mental wellbeing? A multidimensional analysis in Brazilian metropolitan cities. Health & Place, 89, 103335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103335
Buckner, R. L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008). The brain’s default network: Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1440.011
Cai Wen Yu, & Luz, F. (2012). Lao Qi Gong: A antiga arte chinesa de lutar, curar, viver.
Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2014). The entropic brain: A theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020
Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Friston, K. J. (2014). The default-mode, ego-functions and free-energy: A neurobiological account of Freudian ideas. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(2), 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2013.107
Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Friston, K. J. (2019). REBUS and the anarchic brain: Toward a unified model of the brain action of psychedelics. Pharmacological Reviews, 71(3), 316–344. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.118.017160
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D., Williams, T., Stone, J. M., Reed, L. J., Colasanti, A., Tyacke, R. J., Leech, R., Malizia, A. L.,
Murphy, K., Hobden, P., Evans, J., Feilding, A., Wise, R. G., & Nutt, D. J. (2012). Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(6), 2138–2143. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119598109
Carr, N. (2020). The shallows: What the internet is doing to our brains. W. W. Norton.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). Suicide data and statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/facts/index.html
Damásio, A. (2010). O erro de Descartes: Emoção, razão e o cérebro humano. Companhia das Letras.
Freud, S. (2011). O eu e o id, “autobiografia” e outros textos (1923–1925). Companhia das Letras.
Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787
Fuller, R. B. (1961). Tensegrity. Portfolio and Art News Annual, 4, 112–127, 144, 148.
Gusnard, D. A., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Searching for a baseline: Functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(10), 685–694. https://doi.org/10.1038/35094500
Han, B.-C. (2017). Sociedade do cansaço. Vozes.
Harari, Y. N. (2017). Homo Deus: Uma breve história do amanhã. Companhia das Letras.
Ingber, D. E. (1997). Tensegrity: The architectural basis of cellular mechanotransduction. Annual Review of Physiology, 59, 575–599. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.575
Jung, C. G. (1988). Aion: Estudos sobre o simbolismo do Simesmo. Vozes. (Trabalho original publicado em 1951)
Jung, C. G. (2003). Os arquétipos e o inconsciente coletivo. Vozes. (Trabalho original publicado em 1935)
Jung, C. G. (2011b). Tipos psicológicos. Vozes. (Trabalho original publicado em 1921)
Jung, C. G. (2013). Mysterium coniunctionis. Vozes. (Trabalho original publicado em 1955–1956)
Levine, P. A. (2010). Em uma voz não falada: Como o corpo libera o trauma e restaura o bem-estar. Summus.
Ly, C., Greb, A. C., Cameron, L. P., Wong, J. M., Barragan, E. V., Wilson, P. C., Burbach, K. F., Soltanzadeh Zarandi, S., Sood, A., Paddy, M. R., Duim, W. C., Dennis, M. Y., McAllister, A. K., Ori-McKenney, K. M., Gray, J. A., & Olson, D. E. (2018). Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity. Cell Reports, 23(11), 3170–3182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.022
Menon, V. (2011). Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: A unifying triple network model. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(10), 483–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003
Montag, C., & Diefenbach, S. (2018). Towards Homo Digitalis: Important research issues for psychology and the neurosciences at the dawn of the Internet of Things and the digital society. Sustainability, 10(2), Article 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020415
Moreira, T. C. L., Polize, J. L., Brito, M., da Silva Filho, D. F., Chiavegato Filho, A. D. P., Viana, M. C., Andrade, L. H., & Mauad, T. (2022). Assessing the impact of urban environment and green infrastructure on mental health: Results from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 32(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00349-x
Neumann, E. (1949). The origins and history of consciousness. Princeton University Press.
Northoff, G. (2014). Is the self a higher-order or fundamental function of the brain? The “consciousness self” framework. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 104. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00104
Oliveira, B. L. C. A. de, Soares, F. A., Aquino, P. de S., Pinheiro, P. N. da C., Alves, G. S., & Pinheiro, A. K. B. (2024). Prevalence of depressive symptoms among young adults in Brazil: Results of the 2013 and 2019 editions of the National Health Survey. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 27, e240045. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720240045
Petri, G., Expert, P., Turkheimer, F., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J., Hellyer, P. J., & Vaccarino, F. (2014). Homological scaffolds of brain functional networks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 11(101), 20140873. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0873
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(2), 676–682. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.676
Rutten, B. P. F., & Mill, J. (2009). Epigenetic mediation of environmental influences in major psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35(6), 1045–1056. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp104
Schimmenti, A. (2018). Trauma, dissociation, and the dissociative mind. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 19(4), 403–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2018.1451800
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007). Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. The Journal of Neuroscience, 27(9), 2349–2356. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007
Shamdasani, S. (Ed.). (1996). The psychology of Kundalini Yoga. Princeton University Press.
Sender, R., Fuchs, S., & Milo, R. (2016). Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLOS Biology, 14(8), e1002533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533
Spiegel, D., Loewenstein, R. J., Lewis-Fernández, R., Sar, V., Simeon, D., Vermetten, E., Cardeña, E., & Dell, P. F. (2011). Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28(9), 824–852. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20874
Spreng, R. N., Mar, R. A., & Kim, A. S. N. (2009). The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(3), 489–510. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21029
Sudimac, S., Sale, V., & Kühn, S. (2022). How nature nurtures: Amygdala activity decreases as the result of a one-hour walk in nature. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(11), 4446–4452. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01720-6
Terlizzi, E. P., & Zablotsky, B. (2024). Trends in anxiety and depression symptoms among adults, United States, 2013–2023. National Center for Health Statistics.
Turkle, S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. Basic Books.
Van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Steele, K. (2006). The haunted self: Structural dissociation and the treatment of chronic traumatization. W. W. Norton.
Von Franz, M.-L. (1980). Alchemical active imagination. Spring Publications.
Wacker, P. (2010). Kundalini Yoga e a psicologia analítica. Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Analítica.
World Health Organization. (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338
World Health Organization. (2025). Mental disorders. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 1969 priscilla wacker
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
